When Indigenous children are brought to the hospital its nearly always for more than one reason: malnutrition, dehydration, pneumonia, malaria and sometimes they come with two, three or four of these ailments, Rodrigues said during a tour of the hospitals wing for Indigenous patients, where Yanomami families and their ailing offspring lie in hammocks designed to make the rainforest-dwellers feel at home. appreciated. Food and Agricultural Organization. Climate-smart agriculture seeks to support countries to put in place the necessary policy and the technical and financial means to mainstream climate change considerations into agricultural sectors and to provide a basis for operationalizing sustainable agricultural development under changing conditions (Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), 2013). Braun, V., and Clarke, V (2006). Rainforest Alliance (2016) added that climate-smart agriculture is not a defined set of practices or an entirely new type of agriculture, rather an approach that combines different methods under a climate change umbrella. Going for gold: transitional livelihoods in Northern Ghana. Environ. Deep in the Amazon rainforest, the Yanomami people are battling an old and elusive enemy one they havent seen since the 1980s. World Bank (2008). This suggests the need to harmonize protection of the environment, invest in smallholder agriculture, and improve food production and productivity. Analyzed data were represented using charts and tables. (2016). For almost a decade its staff have been dealing with the fallout from the humanitarian collapse in neighbouring Venezuela, with thousands of migrants and refugees flocking here in search of treatment unavailable in their crumbling homeland. Heliyon 7:e07873. (2003). Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Bureaus and Offices Reporting Directly to the Secretary, Office of the Coordinator for Cyber Issues, Office of the U.S. However, the severity and extent of the neurotoxic effects resulting from chronic environmental Rural Soc. The author confirms being the sole contributor of this work and has approved it for publication. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. This has made it very difficult for some of us who undertake dry season gardening to supplement our already diminishing farm produce (Interviewee A2, 4 June 2020). According to Creswell (2007), mixed methods helps build on the synergies of the two approaches (qualitative and quantitative) to give relevant and comprehensive findings on the subject under investigation, which, in this case, the implication of activities of illegal mining on sustainable environment and climate-smart agriculture in a district that is already vulnerable to climate change. For instance, at Nanga, the chief reported the following: Our farming and food security is under serious threat due to activities of mining. The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. Modern African Stud. Over the past decades, the mineral sector has contributed to ~37% of the exports of the country and accounted for ~8.4% of the GDP of the country in 2011 from 6.1% the previous year (Ghana Statistical Service, 2010; Bach, 2014; Ofosu et al., 2020; Atta and Tholana, 2021). Conclusion . Although cocaine production in Colombia has risen to record levels, Colombian DTOs, dissidents of the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC), and other criminal groups have nevertheless turned also to the illegal gold trade. By this act, the Assembly is responsible for the overall development of the district through the preparation of development plans and budgets and other development initiatives. Patton, M. Q. In addition, the assessment of water management practices in response to the changing climate revealed that 42% of the respondents revealed they irrigate their farms, whereas 58% indicated that they did not irrigate their farms. Climate change has intensified the challenges faced by rain-fed agricultural systems. I still find it very hard to believe that they wittingly allowed this to go on, seeing those pictures of starving children. hXn7>&hex&Ju! Mining firm and victims demand letter explaining why charges wee to be withdrawn. Determinants of the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices by small-scale farming households in king Cetshwayo district municipality, South Africa. Criterion sampling involves searching for cases that meet a certain criterion, which, in this case, communities hugely involve in activities of illegal mining in the Nadwoli Kaleo District. Published The International Labor Organization estimates that since 2010, 50,000 children have been forced to work in the illegal gold mines or subjected to sex trafficking in mining camps in the Madre de Dios and Puno regions. 3. The study was a single case study using Nadowli-kaleo district. What that means is that the high turbidity levels will affect primary productivity with consequence effect on the life of biodiversity (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005; Opschoor, 2007; Ndabi, 2017). Feasibility and acceptability of environmental management strategies among artisan miners in Taita Taveta County, Kenya. As estimated by the Environmental protection agency (2016), the quality of land for agricultural use (in mining operation communities) is fast diminishing largely due to the activities of illegal mining. World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) (1997). Illegal mining also promotes and is associated with other crimes, including sex and labor trafficking. Peru is the top gold producer in Latin America and the sixth largest in the world. 32, 223250. Figure 1. Washington, DC: Island Press. Soil, water, and land management are central to climate-smart agriculture in northern Ghana (Center for Scientiftic and Industrial Research, 2017; Issahaku and Abdulai, 2020). In Ghana, the people own the mineral resource with management power vested in the Government. Our environment is undergoing a cataclysm either by natural means or through anthropogenic forces [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2009; Yiridomoh et al., 2021]. Its also part of a declared Indigenous Community Climate-smart agriculture is an approach that strives to meet the following criteria: (1) increase agricultural productivity in a sustainable manner, (2) improve the resilience of agricultural production and food systems to environmental change, or (3) reduce net greenhouse gas emissions associated with the agriculture and forestry sectors (Sugden, 2013; Angom et al., 2021; Waaswa et al., 2021). The South African Human Rights Commission estimates that there are between 8000 and 30 000 illegal miners operating in South Africa. The legislative framework for the mineral sector in Ghana is the minerals and mining act 703 of 2006. WebConclusion Illegal mining is a resource to every community; however, its activities are conducted with total disregard to community health. Ahaka: Univeristy of Dhaka, Ndabi, C. (2017). Illegal mining over the years has been into serious competition for agricultural land for its operation (Ansah and Smardon, 2015; Danyo and Osei-Bonsu, 2016; Ndabi, 2017; Atta and Tholana, 2021). doi: 10.1080/10371656.2020.1758434, Waaswa, A., Nkurumwa, A. O., Kibe, A. M., and Kipkemoi, N. J (2021). Mineral resources have become fundamental for economic development throughout the world. UNODC recognizes the need to enhance international cooperation, technical assistance and capacity building to address illegal mining and trafficking in precious metals and developed a response framework on illegal mining and the trafficking in precious metals. Illegal gold mining presents a direct threat to U.S. national security interests. Ministry of Food and Agriculture. Figure 3. Youre not just dealing with ordinary environmental criminals. Sullo, C., King, R., Yiridomoh, G. Y., and Doghle, K (2020). Climate is the result of the average atmospheric conditions in a certain region over a long period of time. Illegal mining is rapidly destroying parts of the Amazon rainforest and poisoning rivers with mercury causing severe environmental consequences. Support from INL aims to disrupt criminal networks that smuggle migrants, narcotics, illegal gold, and controlled chemicals, as well as to prevent illegally mined gold from entering the United States and the international market. As Ibama troops battled to reclaim Yanomami lands, and health teams work to save Yanomami lives, the emaciated baby girl battled to stay alive. Illuminating the methods and processes used to facilitate illegal mining and trafficking of illegally mined gold will help us intensify our efforts to combat this scourge. 1d ago. Rome, Italy. The initiative simultaneously addresses the FBIs strategic and tactical necessities, enhancing our understanding of the threat, and steering joint intelligence production and multi-agency operations. In addition, children are engaged in illegal mining operations as well as activities related to the supply chains of these operations. In recent years, gold production, for instance, has observed to increase substantially from <20,000 ounces in 1990 to 1.6 million ounces in 2016 (Ofosu et al., 2020). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches, 4thd Edn. Mensah, H., Ahadzie, D. K., Takyi, S. A., and Amponsah, O (2020). Today, due to the emergence of illegal mining, the community has lost that stretch of forested land to activities of illegal mining operators (4 June 2020). Penetration of the industry by TCOs allows these criminal organizations to maintain global support networks and a global platform for money laundering, hindering law enforcement prosecution by co-opting a legitimate, high volume commodities industry. We know the environmental consequences of the chemical (referring to mercury) but we cannot also stop using it because the alternative is not there (4 June 2020). Heliyon 5, 117. CONCLUSION . To fight for sound environmental management and sustainability involves rethinking development that entails more socially and environmentally responsibility (Boon et al., 2008). This particularly afforded the study the opportunity to explain vividly the viewpoints of the participants on illegal mining and its implication on climate-smart agriculture in the Nadowli-Kaleo district. doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2020.02.005, Ofosu-Mensah, A. E. (2010). Ericsson, M., and Lf, O (2017). This implies that these climate-smart agricultural activities in Ghana must be promoted for sustainable environment and agriculture. There is also a lack of timely checks by the Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM). %PDF-1.6 % Table 2 presents the results on the effects of illegal mining on the environment. This section presented existing literature on climate-smart agriculture and illegal mining. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: the review of related literature to include climate-smart agriculture and illegal mining and environmental sustainability and climate-smart agriculture in Ghana. Dev. The goal of raids in this indigenous territory is to disrupt the supply lines of illegal mining so that it can no longer be supports and force the retreat of the trespassers, the agency said in a statement. Lula moves to protect indigenous Yanomani amid hunger deaths. The scarcity of the land for agricultural activities due to competition from illegal mining will also affect traditional crop rotation and fallowing (Ndabi, 2017; Ofosu et al., 2020; Atta and Tholana, 2021). All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Weather changes every week. Accra, Ghana. Available online at: www.ghananewsagency.org/nadowli-kaleo-district-becoming-notorious (accessed March 17, 2020). Thus, it assesses the risks and needs of a specific farm or farming community through a climate impact lens and then addresses them using practices chosen for that particular situation. A lock () or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. 10. No Thanks Mining, likewise, contributes to the country's foreign-exchange earnings through exports. Qual. 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